MoMA R&D

Salon 48 No More Likes

Technology advances in leaps and bounds, but are our lives any better for it? People seem to be increasingly looking for ways to cut back and detox. It’s ironic: iPhone software is now designed to inform you about your screen time in an effort to help you decrease it, and yet all apps are continually made more addictive. Novelty is fast and seductive, and tech companies know we will not resist a glistening new technology until too late—it will be already irrevocably integrated into our daily life. The result is a feeling of whiplash, sometimes even guilt and embarrassment for not having seen it coming. It’s natural to long for a “simpler” time, but what time is that? The younger generation is nostalgic for a time pre-smartphones and pre-Internet, a time most of them didn’t even experience first hand but yet yearn for nonetheless. We know the drill: The technologies of today no longer simply facilitate communication but rather distort our reality. The platforms we utilize prioritize clicks, likes, and views, trapping and limiting us. When fake news and propaganda inundate our feeds, the companies that run these platforms throw their hands up, hiding behind the First Amendment. Since the technologies upon which our society now sits are failing us, do we need new ones? Old ones? New laws? Less of both? A stronger democracy? Stronger individuals?

Here are some more of the questions that we will ask: How can we guarantee agency over our future? Should we join the wave of neo-Luddites? Is this version of opting-out the only option? Given how much of our lives are built around technology, is it even an option? Does our ability to connect with others and advance our careers depend too heavily on technology to allow us to opt-out? Is progress for the sake of progress sustainable? What is progress? Why are so many people craving earlier modes of existence? Does a perfect point of technological development exist? Is nostalgia a feeling that can be trusted? Should technological progress be controlled by corporations alone? What did Covid teach us about the mutability of our mode of existence?

This Salon took place on April 30, 2024

Speakers

Video Contributors

Reading List

  • THE INTERNET IS GETTING WORSE ¯_(ツ)_/¯

  • Chayka, Kyle. “The Age of Algorithmic Anxiety.” The New Yorker. July 25, 2022. (Available online)

  • Chayka, Kyle. “Why the Internet Isn’t Fun Anymore.” The New Yorker. October 9, 2023. (Available online)

  • Doctorow, Cory. “The ‘Enshitification’ of TikTok.” Wired Magazine. January 23, 2023. (Available online)

  • Hoel, Erik. “A.I.-Generated Garbage is Polluting Our Culture.” The New York Times. March 29, 2024. (Available online)

  • Klein, Ezra. “Happy 20th Anniversary, Gmail. I’m Sorry I’m Leaving You.” The New York Times. April 7, 2024. (Available online)

  • Lewis, Amanda Chicago. “The people who ruined the internet.” The Verge. November 1, 2023. (Available online)

  • Rogoff, Kenneth. “A US ban on TikTok could damage the idea of the global internet.” The Guardian. March 29, 2023. (Available online)

  • Wells, Georgia, Jeff Horwitz, and Deepa Seetharaman. “Facebook Knows Instagram Is Toxic for Teen Girls, Company Documents Show.” The Wall Street Journal. September 14, 2021. (Available online with subscription)

  • FOUNDATIONAL READING AND CONTEXT

  • Allado-McDowell, K. “Designing Neural Media.” Gropius Bau. (Available online)

  • Buck, Holly Jean. Ending Fossil Fuels: Why Net Zero Is Not Enough. London: Verso Books, 2021. (Available here)

  • Dhaliwal, Ranjodh Singh. “On Addressability, or What Even Is Computation?” Critical Inquiry 49, no. 1 (Autumn 2022). (Available online)

  • Flusser, Vilém. “Synopsis.” Communicology: Mutations in Human Relations? Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2022. (Available here)

  • Illich, Ivan. “Silence is a Commons by Ivan Illich.” 1983. (Available online)

  • “Kevin Munger on Vilém Flusser’s ‘Communicology: Mutations in Human Relations?” New Models. March 16, 2024. (Available online)

  • Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels. “Introduction,” “Part I,” and “Part III.” The Communist Manifesto. 1848. (Available online)

  • Toffler, Alvin. Future Shock. New York: Random House, 1970. (Available online)

  • HOW WE CHANGE––AND ARE CHANGED BY––TECHNOLOGY

  • Shaw, Tamsin. “How Social Media Influences Our Behavior, and Vice Versa.” The New York Times. September 1, 2022. (Available online)

  • Lockwood, Patricia. No One Is Talking About This. New York: Riverhead Books, 2021.

  • Lockwood, Patricia. “How Do We Write Now?” TinHouse. April 10, 2018. (Available online)

  • Mosley, Tonya. “How social media algorithms ‘flatten’ our culture by making decisions for us.” Interview with Kyle Chakya. Fresh Air. Podcast audio. January 17, 2024. (Available online)

  • Fisher, Max. The Chaos Machine: The Inside Story of How Social Media Rewired Our Minds and Our World. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2022.

  • Lewis, Carly. “So, You Love Sending Voice Notes. Do Your Friends Love Getting Them?” The New York Times. February 23, 2024. (Available online)

  • Munger, Kevin. “‘The Algorithm’ Does Not Exist.” Mother Jones. March + April 2024. (Available online)

  • (Forthcoming) Munger, Kevin. The YouTube Apparatus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2024. (Available here)

  • INFLUENCING AND ITS PERILS

  • Baker-White, Emily. “TikTok’s Secret ‘Heating’ Button Can Make Anyone Go Viral.” Forbes. January 20, 2023. (Available online)

  • Black Mirror. “Nosedive.” Netflix video. 63 minutes, October 21, 2016. (Available to stream)

  • Hu, Zoe, “The Agoraphobic Fantasy of Tradlife.” Dissent. Winter 2023. (Available online)

  • Lorenz, Taylor. Extremely Online. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2023.

  • Swanson, Barrett. “The Anxiety of Influencers.” Harper’s Magazine. June, 20201. (Available online)

  • RUMORS AND ALTERNATIVE FACTS (ง'̀-‘́)ง

  • Andriopoulos, Stefan. “Rumor and Media: On Circulations and Credence (via Kant and Marx).” Grey Room 93 (Fall 2023): 7-25. (Available online)

  • Andriopoulos, Stefan. “The Multiplication of Monsters: Misinformation from Gutenberg to QAnon.” Public Books. March 20, 2024. (Available online)

  • Correal, Annie. “A Movement to Fight Misinformation…with Misinformation.” The Daily. Podcast audio. February 8, 2022. (Available online)

  • Fisher, Max. “The Journalist Who Tried to Fight the Nazis with Radio Stories.” The New York Times. March 9, 2024. (Available online)

  • Merrill, Jeremy B. and Will Oremus. “Five points for anger, one for a ‘like’: How Facebook’s formula fostered rage and misinformation.” The Washington Post. October 26, 2021. (Available online)

  • Pomerantsev, Peter. How to Win an Information War: The Propagandist Who Outwitted Hitler. London: Faber & Faber, 2024.

  • Gross, Terry. “'How to Win an Information War’ details fighting with — and against — propaganda.” NPR. March 14, 2024. (Available online)

  • Tucher, Andie. Not Exactly Lying: Fakes News and Fake Journalism in American History. New York: Columbia University Press, 2022.

  • DESENSITIZATION

  • Sontag, Susan. Regarding the Pain of Others. New York: Picador, 2003. (Available online)

  • Shumon, Basar and Real Review. “We Were Never Postcolonial.” Real Review 15, (Winter 2023): 6-13.

  • Scarry, Elaine. The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. (Available here)

  • THE POWER OF MEMES

  • Citarella, Joshua. Politigram & the Post-left. San Francisco: Blurb, 2024. (Available online)

  • Dean, Aria. “Poor Meme, Rich Meme.” Real Life. July 25, 2016. (Available online)

  • Jackson, Lauren Michele. “The Blackness of Meme Movement.” Model View Culture. March 28, 2016. (Available online)

  • Malone, Clare. “The Meme-ification of American Politics.” The New Yorker. January 25, 2024. (Available online)

  • Merijian, Ara H. and Mike Rugnetta. “From Dada to Memes.” Art in America. December 2, 2020. (Available online)

  • AGE OF THE ANALOG

  • Asmelash, Leah. “Throwback tech continues to fascinate us. Do we want an analog future?” CNN. December 28, 2022. (Available online)

  • Cohen, Li. “Vinyl record sales top CDs for first time in more than 30 years: ‘Music lovers clearly can’t get enough’.” CBS News. March 10, 2023. (Available online)

  • Galloway, Alexander R. “Golden Age of Analog.” Critical Inquiry 48, no. 2 (Winter 2022). (Available online)

  • Forty, Adrian. “Memo.” Extinct: A Compendium of Obsolete Objects. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2021.

  • THE MYTH OF PROMETHEUS

  • Anders, Günther. “On Promethean Shame.” Translated in Prometheanism: Technology, Digital Culture and Human Obsolescence. London: Rowman & Littlefield International, 2016.

  • Anders, Günther. “Reflections on the H Bomb.” Dissent 3:2 (Spring 1956): 146-155. (Available online)

  • Latour, Bruno. “A Cautious Prometheus? A Few Steps Toward a Philosophy of Design (with Special Attention to Peter Sloterdijk.” Lecture for Networks of Design, Design History Society, Falmouth, Cornwall, United Kingdom. September 3, 2008. (Available online)

  • Müller, Christopher John. Prometheanism: Technology, Digital Culture and Human Obsolescence. London: Rowman & Littlefield International, 2016.

  • Sloterdijk, Peter. Prometheus’s Remorse: From the Gift of Fire to Global Arson. New York: Semiotext(e), 2024.

  • Ware, Ben. “Nothing but the End to Come? Extinction Fragments.” e-flux Journal 111, (September 2020). (Available online)

  • THEM LUDDITES

  • Barber, Gregory. “Everyone Is a Luddite Now.” Wired. October 22, 2023. (Available online)

  • Chayka, Kyle. “Rethinking the Luddites in the Age of A.I.” The New Yorker. September 26, 2023. (Available online)

  • Garcia-Navarro, Lulu. “The Teenager Leading the Smartphone Liberation Movement.” Interview with Logan Lane. First Person. Podcast audio. February 2, 2023. (Available online)

  • Kelly, Kevin. “Interview with the Luddite.” Wired. June 1, 1995. (Available online)

  • Merchant, Brian. “The New Luddites Aren’t Backing Down.” The Atlantic. February 2, 2024. (Available online)

  • Pynchon, Thomas. “Is it O.K. to be a Luddite?” The New York Times. October 28, 1984. (Available online)

  • Sale, Kirkpatrick. “The Neo-Luddites.” Neo-Luddites and Lessons from the Luddites. Crow’s Nest Distribution. 1990. (Available online)

  • Vadukul, Alex. “‘Luddite’ Teens Don’t Want Your Likes.” The New York Times. December 15, 2022. (Available online)

  • Vonnegut, Kurt Jr. Player Piano. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1952. (Available online)

  • ONWARDS!

  • Busta, Caroline. “The internet didn’t kill counterculture—you just won’t find it on Instagram.” Document. January 14, 2021. (Available online)

  • The Dark Forest Collective. The Dark Forest Anthology of the Internet. Metalabel, 2024.

  • Easterling, Keller. Medium Design: Knowing How to Work on the World. London and New York: Verso Books, 2021.

  • Easterling, Keller. “Medium Design.” e-flux Journal 106, (February 2020). (Available online)

  • K, Sammy (@skzzolno). “Replying to @saraahhhyo literally everyone needs a flip phone in their life #BRINGBACKFLIPPHONES #college #goingout #collegelifehack #flipphone #y2kaesthetic.” TikTok, December 14, 2022. (Available online)

  • Munger, Kevin. “”The Discourse’ is the Cybernetic Event Horizon of Human Freedom.” Crooked Timber. December 20, 2022. (Available online)

  • Notopoulos, Katie. “How to fix the Internet.” MIT Technology Review. October 17, 2023. (Available online)

  • Sheri, Yasaman. “Designer-Researchers Mindy Seu and Yasaman Sheri Imagine a New Internet.” Cultured. March 7, 2024. (Available online)

  • Strickler, Yancey. “The Dark Forest and the Post-Individual.” The Ideaspace. April 21, 2024. (Available online)

  • Yudkowsky, Eliezer. “Pausing AI Developments Isn’t Enough. We Need to Shut it All Down.” Time Magazine. March 29, 2023. (Available online)