Technology advances in leaps and bounds, but are our lives any better for it? People seem to be increasingly looking for ways to cut back and detox. It’s ironic: iPhone software is now designed to inform you about your screen time in an effort to help you decrease it, and yet all apps are continually made more addictive. Novelty is fast and seductive, and tech companies know we will not resist a glistening new technology until too late—it will be already irrevocably integrated into our daily life. The result is a feeling of whiplash, sometimes even guilt and embarrassment for not having seen it coming. It’s natural to long for a “simpler” time, but what time is that? The younger generation is nostalgic for a time pre-smartphones and pre-Internet, a time most of them didn’t even experience first hand but yet yearn for nonetheless. We know the drill: The technologies of today no longer simply facilitate communication but rather distort our reality. The platforms we utilize prioritize clicks, likes, and views, trapping and limiting us. When fake news and propaganda inundate our feeds, the companies that run these platforms throw their hands up, hiding behind the First Amendment. Since the technologies upon which our society now sits are failing us, do we need new ones? Old ones? New laws? Less of both? A stronger democracy? Stronger individuals?
Here are some more of the questions that we will ask: How can we guarantee agency over our future? Should we join the wave of neo-Luddites? Is this version of opting-out the only option? Given how much of our lives are built around technology, is it even an option? Does our ability to connect with others and advance our careers depend too heavily on technology to allow us to opt-out? Is progress for the sake of progress sustainable? What is progress? Why are so many people craving earlier modes of existence? Does a perfect point of technological development exist? Is nostalgia a feeling that can be trusted? Should technological progress be controlled by corporations alone? What did Covid teach us about the mutability of our mode of existence?
This Salon took place on April 30, 2024
Stefan Andriopoulos is Professor of German and co-founder of the Center for Comparative Media at Columbia University. He is author of Ghostly Apparitions: German Idealism, the Gothic Novel, and Optical Media (Zone Books, 2013), which was named book of the year in Times Literary Supplement. His previous book Possessed: Hypnotic Crimes, Corporate Fiction, and the Invention of Cinema (University of Chicago Press, 2008) won the SLSA Michelle Kendrick award for best academic book on literature, science, and the arts.
He is currently working on a new project that adopts a historical perspective on how the introduction of new technologies has increased the circulation of rumors and misinformation, from Gutenberg to QAnon. A short and accessible article, “The Multiplication of Monsters,” came out recently in Public Books. A longer essay, “Rumor and Media: On Circulations and Credence (via Kant and Marx),” has been published in Grey Room.
Tega Brain is an Australian-born artist and environmental engineer examining issues of ecology, data, automation, and infrastructure. She has created digital networks automated by environmental phenomena, schemes for obfuscating personal data, and a wildly popular, online smell-based dating service. Through these provisional systems she investigates how technologies orchestrate and reorchestrate agency. She has recently exhibited at the Smithsonian (Arts and Industries), the Vienna Biennale for Change, the Guangzhou Triennial and in venues like the Haus der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin and the Whitney Museum of Art, NYC. She is a 2023 Creative Capital Awardee and has also been a fellow at Eyebeam, Data & Society and the Australia Council for the Arts.
Her work has been widely discussed in the press including in the New York Times, Art in America, The Atlantic, NPR, Al Jazeera and The Guardian and in art and technology blogs like the Creators Project and Creative Applications. She has given talks and workshops at museums and festivals like EYEO, TedxSydney and the Sonar Festival.
Tega’s first book is Code as Creative Medium, co-authored with Golan Levin and published with MIT Press. She earned her PhD in New Media Arts and Technology at the Australian National University, School of Art and Design and she serves on the board of the School for Poetic Computation.
Logan Lane is the founder of Brooklyn’s Luddite Club, a group of teenagers who gave up their smartphones.
Kevin Munger the Jeffrey L. Hyde and Sharon D. Hyde and Political Science Board of Visitors Early Career Professor of Political Science and Assistant Professor of Political Science and Social Data Analytics at Penn State University. He studies the communication of political information on the internet, and how to make digital social science make sense. he has published research on the subject using a variety of methodologies, including textual analysis, field experiments, longitudinal surveys and qualitative theory. Kevin’s research has appeared in leading journals like the American Journal of Political Science, Political Behavior, Political Communication, and Political Science Research & Methods. His present interests include cohort conflict in American politics and developing new methods for social science in a rapidly changing world.
Nimay Ndolo is an influencer, actress, and filmmaker.
K Allado-McDowell is a writer, speaker, and musician. They are the author, with GPT-3, of the books Pharmako-AI, Amor Cringe, Air Age Blueprint and Out Side, and are co-editor of The Atlas of Anomalous AI. They created the neuro-opera Song of the Ambassadors, and record and release music under the name Qenric. K established the Artists + Machine Intelligence program at Google AI. They are a conference speaker, educator and consultant to think-tanks and institutions seeking to align their work with deeper traditions of human understanding. K’s work has been covered by The New York Times, The Atlantic, WIRED, Bookforum, Artforum, BOMB, Lithub, The Warburg Institute, Institute of Network Cultures, and by writers including Erik Davis and Bruce Clarke. K has spoken at TED, New Museum, Tate, Serpentine Gallery, HKW, Moderna Museet, Christie’s, MacArthur Foundation, MfN Berlin, Ars Electronica, Sónar, and many other venues, and has taught at SCI-Arc, Strelka, and IAAC.
Ranjodh Singh Dhaliwal is Ruth and Paul Idzik Collegiate Chair in Digital Scholarship and Assistant Professor of English and Film, Television, and Theatre at the University of Notre Dame. He researches and teaches about the aesthetic and politico-economic entanglements of our technological cultures. His award-winning writing appears, or is forthcoming, in Critical Inquiry, Configurations, American Literature, and Design Issues, among other venues. He holds a Ph.D. in English and STS from UC Davis and a B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering from IIT Indore. He has also previously been a visiting fellow at the research Cluster “Media of Cooperation” in University of Siegen, Germany and a graduate student at the Universe of Chicago. His research—which is situated at the crossroads of media theory, science and technology studies, and literary criticism—has been supported by the University of California Humanities Research Institute, Linda Hall Library, and the Hagley Museum, among other institutions. Professor Dhaliwal is currently working on a book project titled Rendering: A Political Diagrammatology of Computation, which asks ‘what exactly is computing?’ Illuminating the hard-coded political logics we take for granted in our contemporary digital cultures, his project shows how our cultural narratives, politico-economic formulations, and epistemic beliefs get crystallized into computational hardware and software architectures. His other projects have found him researching the entanglements between data and narratives, popular discourses of the future in simulation video games, material and cultural histories of artificial intelligence, and new taxonomies of internet aesthetics. He is also engaged in several critical making projects, including a number of public-facing game design endeavors.
Johanna Drucker is the Breslauer Professor of Bibliographical Studies in the Department of Information Studies at UCLA. She is internationally known for her work in artists’ books, the history of graphic design, typography, experimental poetry, fine art, and digital humanities. Recent titles include: Graphesis: Visual Forms of Knowledge Production (Harvard University Press, 2014), The General Theory of Social Relativity, (The Elephants, 2018), Downdrift: An Eco-fiction (Three Rooms Press, 2018), and Visualization: Modelling Interpretation (forthcoming). Off-World Fairy Tales, a collaboration with Susan Bee, was published in Fall 2020 (Litmus Press). In 2014, she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and awarded an honorary doctorate of Fine Arts by the Maryland Institute College of Art in 2017. Her recent work includes: Visualisation: L’Interpretation Modellante Visualizing Interpretation (MIT, 2020), Iliazd: Metabiography of a Modernist (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2020), and Digital Humanities Coursebook (Routledge, 2020). Her work has been translated into Korean, Catalan, Chinese, Spanish, French, Hungarian, Danish and Portuguese.
Brian Merchant is a writer. I was the technology columnist at the Los Angeles Times and a senior editor at Motherboard. He is the author of The One Device: the Secret History of the iPhone (2017, Little, Brown) and Blood in the Machine: the Origins of the Rebellion against Big Tech (2023, Little, Brown), and a founder of VICE’s speculative fiction outlet Terraform.
Christopher John Müller is an Honorary Research Associate of the School of English, Communication and Philosophy at Cardiff University and an Associate Teacher at the University of Bristol. His recent publications include “Desert Ethics: Technology and the Question of Evil in Günther Anders and Jacques Derrida,” Parallax (2015), 21 (1): 42-57 and “Style and Arrogance: The Ethics of Heidegger’s Style,” Style in Theory: Between Literature and Philosophy, ed. Ivan Callus, Gloria Lauri-Lucente, James Corby (Continuum, 2013), pp. 141-162. His work draws on Literature, Philosophy and Critical Theory to address the manner in which technological and linguistic structures shape human perception, agency and interaction.
Stephanie Shepherd is an entrepreneur, environmental advocate, and tastemaker who educates her millions of fans on how to blend luxury lifestyle and conscious consumerism. Her style, beauty secrets, and work as a humanitarian have cultivated a global community. Formerly the Chief Operating Officer of Kardashian West Brands, Steph has since established her own platform and partnered with American Express, Google, and J Brand — among other prominent lifestyle brands. Most recently, Steph has lent her expertise to Kourtney Kardashian’s website, Poosh, and Elle Magazine as a monthly contributor. She has hosted and an executive produced her very own Facebook Watch series, “Steph Shep Says.” As well as recently joining sustainable personal care brand +Plus as the Chief Impact Officer. In 2019, Steph co-founded the digital climate education platform, @FutureEarth. Shepherd is also an ambassador for Days For Girls International, The Environmental Working Group and John Kerry’s World War Zero climate change initiative. She most recently joined the board of Vice President Al Gore’s The Climate Reality Project. Through her advocacy, Stephanie has generated millions of dollars and thousands of volunteer hours for organizations who, like her, relentlessly pursue human flourishing and environmental preservation.
THE INTERNET IS GETTING WORSE ¯_(ツ)_/¯
Chayka, Kyle. “The Age of Algorithmic Anxiety.” The New Yorker. July 25, 2022. (Available online)
Chayka, Kyle. “Why the Internet Isn’t Fun Anymore.” The New Yorker. October 9, 2023. (Available online)
Doctorow, Cory. “The ‘Enshitification’ of TikTok.” Wired Magazine. January 23, 2023. (Available online)
Hoel, Erik. “A.I.-Generated Garbage is Polluting Our Culture.” The New York Times. March 29, 2024. (Available online)
Klein, Ezra. “Happy 20th Anniversary, Gmail. I’m Sorry I’m Leaving You.” The New York Times. April 7, 2024. (Available online)
Lewis, Amanda Chicago. “The people who ruined the internet.” The Verge. November 1, 2023. (Available online)
Rogoff, Kenneth. “A US ban on TikTok could damage the idea of the global internet.” The Guardian. March 29, 2023. (Available online)
Wells, Georgia, Jeff Horwitz, and Deepa Seetharaman. “Facebook Knows Instagram Is Toxic for Teen Girls, Company Documents Show.” The Wall Street Journal. September 14, 2021. (Available online with subscription)
FOUNDATIONAL READING AND CONTEXT
Allado-McDowell, K. “Designing Neural Media.” Gropius Bau. (Available online)
Buck, Holly Jean. Ending Fossil Fuels: Why Net Zero Is Not Enough. London: Verso Books, 2021. (Available here)
Dhaliwal, Ranjodh Singh. “On Addressability, or What Even Is Computation?” Critical Inquiry 49, no. 1 (Autumn 2022). (Available online)
Flusser, Vilém. “Synopsis.” Communicology: Mutations in Human Relations? Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2022. (Available here)
Illich, Ivan. “Silence is a Commons by Ivan Illich.” 1983. (Available online)
“Kevin Munger on Vilém Flusser’s ‘Communicology: Mutations in Human Relations?” New Models. March 16, 2024. (Available online)
Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels. “Introduction,” “Part I,” and “Part III.” The Communist Manifesto. 1848. (Available online)
Toffler, Alvin. Future Shock. New York: Random House, 1970. (Available online)
HOW WE CHANGE––AND ARE CHANGED BY––TECHNOLOGY
Shaw, Tamsin. “How Social Media Influences Our Behavior, and Vice Versa.” The New York Times. September 1, 2022. (Available online)
Lockwood, Patricia. No One Is Talking About This. New York: Riverhead Books, 2021.
Lockwood, Patricia. “How Do We Write Now?” TinHouse. April 10, 2018. (Available online)
Mosley, Tonya. “How social media algorithms ‘flatten’ our culture by making decisions for us.” Interview with Kyle Chakya. Fresh Air. Podcast audio. January 17, 2024. (Available online)
Fisher, Max. The Chaos Machine: The Inside Story of How Social Media Rewired Our Minds and Our World. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2022.
Lewis, Carly. “So, You Love Sending Voice Notes. Do Your Friends Love Getting Them?” The New York Times. February 23, 2024. (Available online)
Munger, Kevin. “‘The Algorithm’ Does Not Exist.” Mother Jones. March + April 2024. (Available online)
(Forthcoming) Munger, Kevin. The YouTube Apparatus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2024. (Available here)
INFLUENCING AND ITS PERILS
Baker-White, Emily. “TikTok’s Secret ‘Heating’ Button Can Make Anyone Go Viral.” Forbes. January 20, 2023. (Available online)
Black Mirror. “Nosedive.” Netflix video. 63 minutes, October 21, 2016. (Available to stream)
Hu, Zoe, “The Agoraphobic Fantasy of Tradlife.” Dissent. Winter 2023. (Available online)
Lorenz, Taylor. Extremely Online. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2023.
Swanson, Barrett. “The Anxiety of Influencers.” Harper’s Magazine. June, 20201. (Available online)
RUMORS AND ALTERNATIVE FACTS (ง'̀-‘́)ง
Andriopoulos, Stefan. “Rumor and Media: On Circulations and Credence (via Kant and Marx).” Grey Room 93 (Fall 2023): 7-25. (Available online)
Andriopoulos, Stefan. “The Multiplication of Monsters: Misinformation from Gutenberg to QAnon.” Public Books. March 20, 2024. (Available online)
Correal, Annie. “A Movement to Fight Misinformation…with Misinformation.” The Daily. Podcast audio. February 8, 2022. (Available online)
Fisher, Max. “The Journalist Who Tried to Fight the Nazis with Radio Stories.” The New York Times. March 9, 2024. (Available online)
Merrill, Jeremy B. and Will Oremus. “Five points for anger, one for a ‘like’: How Facebook’s formula fostered rage and misinformation.” The Washington Post. October 26, 2021. (Available online)
Pomerantsev, Peter. How to Win an Information War: The Propagandist Who Outwitted Hitler. London: Faber & Faber, 2024.
Gross, Terry. “'How to Win an Information War’ details fighting with — and against — propaganda.” NPR. March 14, 2024. (Available online)
Tucher, Andie. Not Exactly Lying: Fakes News and Fake Journalism in American History. New York: Columbia University Press, 2022.
DESENSITIZATION
Sontag, Susan. Regarding the Pain of Others. New York: Picador, 2003. (Available online)
Shumon, Basar and Real Review. “We Were Never Postcolonial.” Real Review 15, (Winter 2023): 6-13.
Scarry, Elaine. The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. (Available here)
THE POWER OF MEMES
Citarella, Joshua. Politigram & the Post-left. San Francisco: Blurb, 2024. (Available online)
Dean, Aria. “Poor Meme, Rich Meme.” Real Life. July 25, 2016. (Available online)
Jackson, Lauren Michele. “The Blackness of Meme Movement.” Model View Culture. March 28, 2016. (Available online)
Malone, Clare. “The Meme-ification of American Politics.” The New Yorker. January 25, 2024. (Available online)
Merijian, Ara H. and Mike Rugnetta. “From Dada to Memes.” Art in America. December 2, 2020. (Available online)
AGE OF THE ANALOG
Asmelash, Leah. “Throwback tech continues to fascinate us. Do we want an analog future?” CNN. December 28, 2022. (Available online)
Cohen, Li. “Vinyl record sales top CDs for first time in more than 30 years: ‘Music lovers clearly can’t get enough’.” CBS News. March 10, 2023. (Available online)
Galloway, Alexander R. “Golden Age of Analog.” Critical Inquiry 48, no. 2 (Winter 2022). (Available online)
Forty, Adrian. “Memo.” Extinct: A Compendium of Obsolete Objects. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2021.
THE MYTH OF PROMETHEUS
Anders, Günther. “On Promethean Shame.” Translated in Prometheanism: Technology, Digital Culture and Human Obsolescence. London: Rowman & Littlefield International, 2016.
Anders, Günther. “Reflections on the H Bomb.” Dissent 3:2 (Spring 1956): 146-155. (Available online)
Latour, Bruno. “A Cautious Prometheus? A Few Steps Toward a Philosophy of Design (with Special Attention to Peter Sloterdijk.” Lecture for Networks of Design, Design History Society, Falmouth, Cornwall, United Kingdom. September 3, 2008. (Available online)
Müller, Christopher John. Prometheanism: Technology, Digital Culture and Human Obsolescence. London: Rowman & Littlefield International, 2016.
Sloterdijk, Peter. Prometheus’s Remorse: From the Gift of Fire to Global Arson. New York: Semiotext(e), 2024.
Ware, Ben. “Nothing but the End to Come? Extinction Fragments.” e-flux Journal 111, (September 2020). (Available online)
THEM LUDDITES
Barber, Gregory. “Everyone Is a Luddite Now.” Wired. October 22, 2023. (Available online)
Chayka, Kyle. “Rethinking the Luddites in the Age of A.I.” The New Yorker. September 26, 2023. (Available online)
Garcia-Navarro, Lulu. “The Teenager Leading the Smartphone Liberation Movement.” Interview with Logan Lane. First Person. Podcast audio. February 2, 2023. (Available online)
Kelly, Kevin. “Interview with the Luddite.” Wired. June 1, 1995. (Available online)
Merchant, Brian. “The New Luddites Aren’t Backing Down.” The Atlantic. February 2, 2024. (Available online)
Pynchon, Thomas. “Is it O.K. to be a Luddite?” The New York Times. October 28, 1984. (Available online)
Sale, Kirkpatrick. “The Neo-Luddites.” Neo-Luddites and Lessons from the Luddites. Crow’s Nest Distribution. 1990. (Available online)
Vadukul, Alex. “‘Luddite’ Teens Don’t Want Your Likes.” The New York Times. December 15, 2022. (Available online)
Vonnegut, Kurt Jr. Player Piano. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1952. (Available online)
ONWARDS!
Busta, Caroline. “The internet didn’t kill counterculture—you just won’t find it on Instagram.” Document. January 14, 2021. (Available online)
The Dark Forest Collective. The Dark Forest Anthology of the Internet. Metalabel, 2024.
Easterling, Keller. Medium Design: Knowing How to Work on the World. London and New York: Verso Books, 2021.
Easterling, Keller. “Medium Design.” e-flux Journal 106, (February 2020). (Available online)
K, Sammy (@skzzolno). “Replying to @saraahhhyo literally everyone needs a flip phone in their life #BRINGBACKFLIPPHONES #college #goingout #collegelifehack #flipphone #y2kaesthetic.” TikTok, December 14, 2022. (Available online)
Munger, Kevin. “”The Discourse’ is the Cybernetic Event Horizon of Human Freedom.” Crooked Timber. December 20, 2022. (Available online)
Notopoulos, Katie. “How to fix the Internet.” MIT Technology Review. October 17, 2023. (Available online)
Sheri, Yasaman. “Designer-Researchers Mindy Seu and Yasaman Sheri Imagine a New Internet.” Cultured. March 7, 2024. (Available online)
Strickler, Yancey. “The Dark Forest and the Post-Individual.” The Ideaspace. April 21, 2024. (Available online)
Yudkowsky, Eliezer. “Pausing AI Developments Isn’t Enough. We Need to Shut it All Down.” Time Magazine. March 29, 2023. (Available online)