The large-scale demonstrations against the Iraq War in 2003; the Iranian Green Movement of 2009; the outburst of popular protests that engulfed the Middle East and North Africa from 2010 to 2012; the Istanbul’s Gezi Park protests in 2013; the Hong Kong pro-democracy Umbrella Movement in 2014. And, if we remain within American borders, it was September 2011 when Occupy Wall Street arose in Zuccotti Park, in lower Manhattan, spearheading a global movement that in just two months would have reached more than nine hundred cities worldwide. Finally, more recently, millions of people have marshalled demonstrations in support of the Black Lives Matter movement, and chanted for female empowerment at the Women’s March. These figures, representatives of just a portion of the protests that take place every day across the globe, are telling of the moment of sharp civic discontent that we are currently living in. What is more, they confront us with challenging questions regarding the way in which we choose to (or not) affirm our political agency as individuals. As an illuminating article by Nathan Heller, cited below, put it, we demand to know: is there any point to protesting? In this salon, we navigated some of these pressing issues with the help of an outstanding group of panelists that have learned about the concept and practice of protest also beyond the lecture room.
Some of the questions we strived to answer: Is there any point to protesting anymore? Have we gained anything from it lately? Do we protest to demand structural changes; or is it just a bit of civic duty that we perform to make ourselves feel virtuous, useful, and in the right? Are marches and demonstrations productive ways to use our political attention; or are they rather what skeptics would call “folk politics”, a mere distraction from the real challenges of today’s world? Does the act of claiming the streets still retain its power in the age of smartphones and social media? What are the features of contemporary activism, and how can we assess its impact? Were protests greater in the past? Have new technologies made it easier for people to mobilize; or have they numbed radical political zeal? Has protesting become mainstream - a habit, more than a solution? Does contemporary art have the power to defy the status quo; or is it instead a kind of opiate of the people – an obstacle to real political knowledge? Can aesthetic beauty and political saliency coexist? What is the role of art and design in movements for social change? Can collective creativity drive political activism?
This salon took place on February 28th, 2018.
Jamal Joseph is a writer, director, activist, professor and former chair of Columbia University’s Graduate Film Division and the artistic director of the New Heritage Theatre Group in Harlem. Joseph was a member of the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army, and was prosecuted as one of the Panther 21. His memoir Panther Baby was published in February 2012.
Kaydrianne Young is a justice advocate. While earning her Bachelor of Arts Degree in Sociology at the University of Florida, she worked with grassroots public education groups and her university to recruit, train, and mentor youth for leadership in environmental entrepreneurship and renewable energy advocacy. She currently works as Operations Coordinator at Million Hoodies
Steve Schapiro is a photographer who has earned international acclaim for his photos of key moments of the Civil Rights Movement, such as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom or the Selma to Montgomery marches. He is also known for his portraits of celebrities and movie stills, most importantly from The Godfather and Taxi Driver.
Gabriella Coleman is an anthropologist, academic and author whose work focuses on hacker culture and online activism, particularly Anonymous. She currently holds the Wolfe Chair in Scientific & Technological Literacy at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Nathan Schneider writing in the Chronicle of Higher Education named her “the world’s foremost scholar on Anonymous.”
Tania Bruguera is a Cuban installation and performance artist who lives between New York and Havana. Bruguera’s work pivots around issues of power and control, and several of her works interrogate and re- present events in Cuban history. As part of the work, Bruguera has launched an Immigrant Respect Awareness Campaign and launched an international day of actions on 18 December 2011 (which the UN has designated International Migrants Day), in which other artists will also make work about immigration.
Yasmin Hernandez is a Brooklyn-born and Puerto Rico-based artist and writer whose work is rooted in individual and collective liberation practices. Yasmin studied art at Cornell University and served as an artist educator with Taller Puertorriqueño, Philadelphia; El Museo del Barrio, East Harlem; Studio Museum, Harlem. She has also taught art to Pre K-12th grade students in Aguadilla. In 2017 she was invited to exhibit as part of Occupy Museum’s Debt Fair installation at The Whitney Biennial, with a segment focused on the Puerto Rico debt crisis. She has subsequently used her art in aid efforts following the twin hurricanes of Irma and María.
Adam Szymczyk was the Artistic Director of Documenta 14, Athens and Kassel, from 2013 to 2017. Prior to his position at Documenta, he was Director and Chief Curator of the Kunsthalle Basel. He was also the co-curator of the 2008 edition of the Berlin Biennale, and he cofounded the Foksal Gallery Foundation in Warsaw, Poland. In 2011, the Menil Collection in Houston, Texas, gave him the Walter Hopps Award for Curatorial Achievement.
Hillary Brenhouse is a Montreal-born writer focused on women, religion and culture, and alternative living arrangements. She is also the co-editor-in-chief of Guernica, a magazine of global art and politics, and curates its special themed issues. She is also a senior editor for The Guardian. She’s published in The New Yorker online, The Oxford American, TIME, the New York Times, and elsewhere. And she’s edited for The Guardian, Topic, and The Nation, among others. She edits nonfiction manuscripts on a freelance basis, too.
Salil Shetty joined Amnesty International as the organization’s eighth Secretary General in 2010. A long-term activist on poverty and justice, Salil Shetty leads the movement’s worldwide work to end human rights violations and has spearheaded a significant move of Amnesty International’s work to the global south. Before joining Amnesty International, he was Director of the United Nations Millennium Campaign from 2003 to 2010, credited with significantly increasing awareness of and accountability for the Millennium Development Goals across the world. From 1998 to 2003, Salil Shetty was Chief Executive of ActionAid, a leading international development NGO. Salil Shetty studied at the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad and at the London School of Economics.
Hawk Newsome is an activist and a prominent leader of New Civil Rights Movement. In 2013, Hawk joined the Justice League NYC and has engaged in their national campaign to fix the broken criminal justice system. Previously to his work with the Black Lives Matter Movement, he was a County Committee Member of New York’s District 79. He has previously worked as a paralegal and later as Special Projects Coordinator for the office of the Honorable Robert T. Johnson at the Bronx County Office of the District Attorney. As the DA’s liaison to the community, he worked with N.Y.C.H.A tenants’ associations and social service organizations throughout the Bronx. Hawk attended Howard University Law School, Washington, DC. and completed his Jurist Doctorate at Touro Law School, Long Island, NY.
Pablo Helguera has been Director of Adult and Education Programs at The Museum of Modern Art since 2007. Previously, he was Senior Manager of Adult Programs at The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (1998–2005), and Manager of Public Programs at The Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (1996–98), among other positions. Over the course of a 20-year career in museums, Helguera has conceptualized or directed more than 700 public programs for over 150 exhibitions. As an artist, Helguera has exhibited and performed widely in international museums and biennials. He has received a Guggenheim Fellowship, Creative Capital and Franklin Furnace grants, and was the first recipient of the International Award of Participatory Art of the Emilia Romagna Region in Italy (2011). He obtained his PhD from Kingston University, London, where he has been visiting professor since 2004.
James Victore is an author, artist and designer to brave clients. As a creative thought leader, James is a sought after speaker known for his timely wisdom and impassioned views about creativity and its place in the world. He teaches how to illuminate individual gifts in order to find clarity and purpose. His work is represented in the permanent collections of museums worldwide.
Jana Traboulsi is a designer, illustrator, artist, and teacher. Her work focuses on image making as critical commentary, often bridging between the personal and the socio-political. She is the art director of the pan-arab quarterly Bidayat and the Lebanese publishing house Snoubar Bayrout. In 2014 she co-founded Sigil with Khaled Malas, Salim Al-Kadi and Alfred Tarazi. Sigil is an Arab art collective that seeks to explore the marvelous and terrifying metamorphoses of the Arab landscape that is the stake and site of historical and contemporary struggles.
The Guerrilla Girls are feminist activist artists. They wear gorilla masks in public and use facts, humor and outrageous visuals to expose gender and ethnic bias as well as corruption in politics, art, film, and pop culture. Their anonymity keeps the focus on the issues, and away from who they might be: they could be anyone and they are everywhere. They believe in an intersectional feminism that fights discrimination and supports human rights for all people and all genders. They undermine the idea of a mainstream narrative by revealing the understory, the subtext, the overlooked, and the downright unfair. They have done hundreds of projects (posters, actions, books, videos, stickers) all over the world. They also do interventions and exhibitions at museums, blasting them on their own walls for their bad behavior and discriminatory practices, including their 2015 stealth projection on the façade of the Whitney Museum about income inequality and the super rich hijacking art.
Michael Hardt is an American philosopher and a Professor of Literature at Duke University. His writings explore the new forms of domination in the contemporary world as well as the social movements and other forces of liberation that resist them. In the Empire trilogy – Empire (2000), Multitude (2004), and Commonwealth (2009) – he and Antonio Negri investigate the political, legal, economic, and social aspects of globalization. They also study the political and economic alternatives that could lead to a more democratic world. Their pamphlet Declaration (2012) attempts to articulate the significance of the encampments and occupations that began in 2011, from Tahrir Square to Zuccotti Park, and to recognize the primary challenges faced by emerging democratic social movements today.
AN ANATOMY OF PROTEST
Brinton, Crane, The Anatomy of Revolution, Vintage (1965)
Graeber, David, Direct Action: An Ethnography, AK press (2009)
Khatib, Kate, Killijoy, Margaret and McGuire Mike (eds.), We Are Many: Reflections on Movement Strategy from Occupation to Liberation, AK Press (2012)
Rediker, Marcus and Linebaugh, Peter, The Many-Head Hydra: The Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic, Verso (2002)
Shukaitis, Stevphen and Graeber, David (eds.), Constituent Imagination: Militant Investigation // Collective Theorization, AK Press (2009)
Traugott, Mark, The Insurgent Barricades, University of California Press (2010)
Vaneigem, Raoul, The Revolution of Everyday Life, PM Press (2012)
Ward Colin, Anarchism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press (2004)
Zinn, Howard, A People’s History of the United States: 1942 to the Present , Harper & Row (2005)
THE ROOTS OF PROTEST
Cobb, Jelani, The Matter of Black Lives, The New Yorker (03.14.2016)
Davis, Angela, Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement, Haymarket Books (2016)
Halberstam, Judith, The Queer Art of Failure, Duke University Press (2011)
Joyce, Patrick, Visions of the People, Cambridge University Press (1991)
Moore, Barrington, Injustice: the Social Bases of Obedience and Revolt, Macmillan (1978)
Schwartz, Mattathias, Pre-Occupied, The New Yorker (11.28.2011)
Skocpol, Theda, States and Social Revolution, Cambridge University Press (1979)
PROTEST IN THE INTERNET AGE
Coleman, Gabriella, From Internet Farming to Weapons of the Geek, Current Anthropology, vol.58, no15, pp.92-102 (2017)
Greenwald, Dara and McPhee, Josh, Signs of Change: Social Movement Cultures, 1960s to Now, AK Press (2010)
Holloway, John, Change the World Without Taking Power: The Meaning of Revolution Today, Pluto Press (2002)
Naughton, John and Howard, Philip, Pax Technica, Talking Politics (09.03.2017)
Tufekci, Zeynep, Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest, Yale University Press (2017)
CHANGING THE STATUS QUO (OR NOT?)
Amnesty International, The Arab Spring: five years on (2016)
Dunn, John, ‘The success and failure of modern revolutions’, in Political Obligation in its Historical Context, by J. Dunn, Cambridge University Press (1980)
Engler, Mark, and Engler, Paul, In Praise of Impractical Movements, Dissent Magazine (03.09.2016)
Fox Piven, Frances, Challenging Authority: How Ordinary People Change America, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers (2006)
Kanngieser, Anja, Experimental Politics and the Making of the Worlds, Routledge (2013)
Mirzoeff, Nick, The Power of Protest One Year After the #J20 Art Strike, Hyperallergic (01.19.2018)
Nineham, Chris, Ten demonstrations that changed the world, Counterfire (05.27.2015)
Tolentino, Jia, The Radical Possibility Of The Women’s March, The New Yorker, (01.22.2017)
CHALLENGING PROTEST MOVEMENTS
Chao, Grace, The Privilege of Protest, The Harvard Crimson (09.18.2017)
Hardt, Michael and Negri, Antonio, Assembly, Oxford University Press (2017)
Heller, Nathan, Is There Any Point To Pretesting?, The New Yorker (21.08.2017)
Srnicek, Nick and Williams, Alex, Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work, Verso (2015)
Turbulence Collective,What Would It Mean to Win?, PM Press (2010)
ART AND DISSENT
Bryan-Wilson, Julia, Art Workers: Radical Practice in the Vietnam War Era, University of California Press (2009)
Grindon, Gavin, Protest Camps and White Cubes (09.28.2012)
Helguera, Pablo, Education for Socially Engaged Art: A Materials and Techniques Handbook, Jorge Pinto Books, (2011)
Lampert, Nicolas, A People’s Art History of the United States: 250 Years of Activist Art and Artists Working in Social, The New Press (2013)
Krysiak, Eva, Ai Weiwei on the project that awoke his political voice, The Start podcast (02.15.2018)
Mosquera, Gerardo, Tania Bruguera: Artivism and Repression in Cuba*, Walkerart (06.17.2015)
Perry, Grayson, Nice Rebellion, Welcome In!, The Reith Lectures (11.02.2013)
Sholette, Gregory, Dark Matter: Art and Politics in the Age of Enterprise Culture, University of Chicago Press (2011)
PROTEST IN PHOTOGRAPHY
Baldwin, James, with photographs by Steve Schapiro, The Fire Next Time, Taschen (2017)
Buberl, Brigitte, Benedict J. Fernandez protest: photographs, 1963-1995, Edition Stemmle (1996)
Carpenter, Zoë, PHOTOS: Since Standing Rock, 56 Bills Have Been Introduced in 30 States to Restrict Protests, The Nation (02.16.2018)
Crow, Thomas and Sa'adah, Anne, with photographs by Serge Hambourg, Protest in Paris, 1968, Dartmouth College (2006)
Duncan, David Douglas, I protest!, New American Library (1968)
Higgs, Matthew and Noble, Paul, Protest & survive, Whitechapel Art Gallery (2000)
Kasher, Steven, Protest photographs / Chauncey Hare, Steven Kasher Gallery (2009)
Ross, Judith, Protest the war, Pace MacGill (2007)
Linfield, Susie, The Cruel Radiance: Photography and Political Violence, University of Chicago Press (2012)
Protests past and present, CNN (07.18.2016)
SIGN OF RESISTANCE
Flood, Catherine, British posters : advertising, art & activism, V&A Publishing (2012)
Flood, Catherine and Grindon, Gavin, Disobedient Objects, V&A Publishing (2014)
Kunzle, David, Posters of protest; the posters of political satire in the U.S. 1966-1970, Triple R Press (1971)
Siegler, Bonnie, Signs of Resistance, Artisan (2018)
PROTEST: DYO
Anonymous, The Occupation Cookbook: Or the Model of the Occupation of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb, Minor Compositions (2011)
Bell, Jess and Spalding, Dan, Security Culture for Activists, The Ruckus Society (n.d.)
Bravo, Kyle, Making Stuff and Doing Things, Microcosm Publishing (2005)
Carrot Workers Collective, Surviving Internships: A Counter Guide to Free Labour in the Arts (n.d.)
Crimethinc Collective, Recipes For Disaster: An Anarchist Cookbook (2012)
Duncombe, Stephen (ed.), The Cultural Resistance Reader, Verso (2002)
Feigenbaum, Anna, Frenzel, Fabian and McCurdy, Patrick, Protest Camps, The University of Chicago Press (2013)
Gee, Tim, Counterpower: Making Change Happen, World Changing (2011)
Gordon, Uri, Anarchy Alive! Anti-authoritarian Politics from Practice to Theory, Pluto Press (2007)
Kauffman, L.A., Direct Action: Protest and the Reinvention of American Radicalism, Verso (2017)
Lunghi, Alessio and Wheeler, Seth (eds.), Occupy Everything! Reflections on Why It’s Kicking Off Everywhere, Minor Compositions (2011)
McIntyre, Iain, How to Make Trouble and Influence People: Pranks, Hoaxes, Graffiti and Political Mischief Making from Across Australia, PM Press (2009)
Notes From Nowhere, We Are Everywhere: The Irresistible Rise of Global Anti-capitalism, Verso (2003)
Tactical Tech, The Info-Activism: How to Guide (2013)
The Laboratory of Insurrectionary Imagination, A User’s Guide to (Demanding) the Impossible, Minor Compositions (2011)
Trapèze Collective, Do It Yourself: A Handbook for Changing Our World, Pluto Press (2007)
Reed, T.V., The Art of Protest: Culture and Activism from the Civil Rights Movement to the Streets of Seattle, University of Minnesota Press (2005)
Ricketts, Aidan, The Activists’ Handbook, Zed Books (2013)
Ruckus Society, Action Strategy: A How-To Guide (n.d.)
Seeds for Change, Briefings and guides for actions, meetings, co-ops and campaigns
EMBODIED PROTESTS
Bordo, Susan, ‘The Body and the Reproduction of Femininity’, in Unbearable weight, University of California Press (1993)
Frase, Nancy, Feminism, Capitalism and the Cunning of History, New Left Review, vol.56, pp. 97-117, (2009)
Preciado, Paul B., Testo Junkie: Sex, Drugs, and Biopolitics in the Pharmacopornographic Era, Feminist Press (2013)
Sasson-Levy, Orna and Rapoport, Tamar, Body, Gender, and Knowledge in Protest Movements: The Israeli Case, Gender and Society, vol.7, no3, pp.379-403 (2003)
Feminist Time: A Conversation, Grey Room, vol.31, pp.32-67 (2003)
ARCHIVES, MEMORY AND DISSIDENCE
Cullors, Patrisse and Bandele, Asha, When They Call You a Terrorist: A Black Lives Matter Memoir, St. Martin’s Press (2018)
Drabinski, Emily, Queering the Catalog: Queer Theory and the Politics of Correction, The Library Quarterly, vol.83, no2, pp.94-111 (2013)
Fowkes, Stuart, Protest & Politics: a global sound map of protests, Cities and Memory (2017)
Joseph, Jamal, ‘Man-child in Revolution Land’ in Look for Me in the Whirlwind: From the Panther 21 to 21st-Century Revolutions, by D. B. Wahad, J. Joseph, S. Odinga, M. Abu-Jamal, PM Press (2017)
Mailer, Norman,The Armies of the Night: History as a Novel, the Novel as History, New American Library (1968)
Phaidon Editors, You Had Better Make Some Noise (2018)
Digital Feminist Archives - Barnard Center for Research on Women
CYCLES OF PROTEST
Awad, Nihad, What American Muslims Can Do Today With Dr. King’s Lessons, Time (01.15.2018)
Broadbent, Jeffrey, Environmental Politics in Japan: Networks of Power and Protest, Cambridge University Press (1998)
della Porta, Donatella, Protest Cycles and Waves, Blackwell Publishing Ltd (2013)
Hung, Ho-Fung, Protest with Chinese Characteristics, Columbia University Press (2011)
Massoud, Amani, What to wear on a revolution, Mashallah News (01.28.11)
McAdam, Doug, “‘Initiator’ and ‘Spinoff Movements’: Diffusion Processes in Protest Cycles”, in Repertoires and Cycles of Collective Actionn, ed. by M. Traugott, Duke University Press (1995)
Tarrow, Sidney, Democracy and disorder: protest and politics in Italy, 1965–1975, Oxford University Press (1989)
Tarrow, Sidney, Cycles of Collective Action: Between Moments of Madness and the Repertoire of Contention, Social Science History, vol.17, no2, pp.281-307 (1993)
ON (NON) VIOLENCE
Ackermann, Peter and DuVall, Jack, A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict, Palgrave (2000)
Arendt, Hannah, On Violence, Harcourt Publishers (1970)
Bennetts, Marc, The art of protest in Putin’s Russia, Politico (10/9/15)
Butler, Judith, Protest, Violent and Nonviolent, Public Books (10.13.2017)
Davis, Angela, Interview by Barry Callaghan in California State Prison (1972)
Holmes, Rachel, Which branch of feminism won women the vote? We all did, The Guardian (02.06.2018)
Lawrence, Bruce and Karim, Aisha, On Violence: A Reader, Duke University Press (2007)
Mayer, Arno, The Furies: Violence and Terror in the French and Russian Revolutions, Princeton University Press (2001)
Wydra, Harald, The recurrence of violence, Sociology Compass, vol.1, no2, pp.183-194 (2008)
FORMS AND PLATFORMS OF RESISTANCE
Herrera, Juan Felipe, Notes on the Assemblage, City Lights (2015)
O’Hara, Mary, In the 21st century, comedy is our greatest tool for progressive change, Quartz (08.24.2016)
Subcomandante Marcos, Our Word is Our Weapon: Selected Writings, Seven Stories Press (2002)
Pergament, Danielle, How Flowers Became a Powerful Symbol in Times of Resistance, Allure (05.19.2017)
Sleeter, Christine, Multicultural Education as Social Activism, State University of New York (1996)
WATCH
Anderson, Lindsay, if….(1968), Memorial Enterprises (1968)
Bertolucci, Bernardo, The Dreamers, TFM Distribution (2003)
Biberman, Herbert, Salt of the Earth, Independent Productions (1954)
Eisenstein, Sergei, *Stachka, Mosfilm (1925)
Moreira Salles, João, In The Intense Now, Icarus Films (2018)
Vicari, Daniele, Diaz – Don’t Clean Up This Blood, Fandango (2012)